Shall I compare thee to a summer's day

1 - Marks

Fill in the blanks

1. The darling buds of May are shaken by the rough winds in - the summer.
2. The opposite meaning of eternal - temporal.
3. The wind is - rough.
4. The eye of heaven - the sun.
5. The sun's complexion is - dimmed.
6. The Sonnet number is - 18.
7. The form of the poem is - Shakespearean Sonnet.

8. Death has no control over - the poet's friend.
9. Temperate means - mild.
10. The beauty of the sun is - temperate.
11. Brag means - boast.
12. Death shall not be able to take the poets friend into its - brag.
13. Shakespeare glorifies the beauty of  - his friend.
14. The poet immortalized his friend through - his poetry.
15. The poet's friend is compared to - a summer's day.



SAQ

1. What does the eye of heaven referred to?
Ans. "The eye of the heaven" refers to the sun.
2. "So long lives this" - what is referred by the word this?
Ans. "So long lives this is" the sonnet is referred by the word this.
3. How is the gold complexion of the Sun dimmed ?
Ans. The gold complexion of the sun is dimmed by the clouds for eclipse.
4. What is meant by - "summer's lease" ?
Ans. Here "summer's lease" - means that the spansion of Summer.
5. What will make the beauty of the poets friend eternal ?
Ans. This sonnet will make the beauty of the poet's friend eternal.

6. What shall not death brag off?
Ans. Death shall not brag of the poet's friend.
7. What shakes the darling buds of May?
Ans. The rough wind shakes the darling buds of May.
8. "But thy eternal summer shall not fade" -  whose eternal summer is referred to here?
Ans. The poet's friend's eternal summer is referred to here.
9. What is meant by eternal Summer?
Ans. Here eternal summer means the youth and beauty of the poet's friend.
10. What will give life to the poet's friend?
Ans. The Sonnet will give life to the poet's friend.
11. What makes every fair from fair decline?
Ans. By chance or nature changing course makes every fair from fair decline.

Annotation and analysis of the poem :

1. Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?

=> The poem begins with a question. In literacy terms this is a device known as "Interrogation". Interrogation is a type of "Rhetoric" ( অলংকার ).  This is used to make the language more poetical as well as to move on the next thought. Through this questions the poet is not asking any answer or is not expecting any answer. He actually gives the answer through this interrogation. He wants to say that his friend W.H is superior than summer's day. so he tells that the poet shall not compare his friend to summer's day.


2. Thou art more lovely and more temperate.

=> The poet's friend is more lovely / beautiful, and moderate / calm than a summer's day.

3. Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May.

=> In summer season, stormy winds blow in England. In May, new darling buds blossoms. But the stormy winds destroy them.


4. And summer's lease hath all too sort a date.

=> Time span of the summer is too short. Pleasant and the beautiful moment of the summer season is temporal.

5. Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines.

=> In England, winter preveals ( বিরাজ করে ) throughout the whole year. But it is the summer ( একমাত্র গ্রীষ্মে -ই ) that gives pleasant and temperate weather. Yet sometimes the power of sunshine r reaches in such a form that it becomes unbearable. It shines very hot.


6. And often is his gold complexion dimmed.

=>  Generally the colour of the sun is admixture of red and yellow, that makes it golden in colour. But this beautiful gold complexion of the sun is lost / dimmed by the clouds in the sky or eclipsing of the Sun.

7. And every fair from fair sometime declines,
By chance, or natures changing course untrimmed.


=> Beauty of the beautiful things is not permanent. It must be destroyed by the course of time. The poet gives two reasons in this perspective ( পরিপ্রেক্ষিতে ).
 (a) By accident / disease / tragic flaw.
 (b)  By nature's law / By the course of time.
Accident, disease and tragic flaw spoils the beauty of the beautiful things.
     since born, we are moving towards death by the course of time. As we grow from young to old, our beauty decreases.
  The rules of destruction of the beauty of the beautiful things is unavoidable.

8. But the eternal summer shall not fade.

=> Nothing can fade the poet's friend's beauty.


9. Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st.

=> The poet glorifies his friend and says that the beauty he possess will not be lost. The poet's friend will not lose the possession ( অধিকার ) of his beauty.


10. Nor shall death brag the wand'rest in his shade. ( ফল )

=> Since birth, we are moving towards the death. It is the natural law. In the same way poets friend also moves towards the death. But the poet says though his friend is near the shade of death, the death will not overpower him.


11. When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st. ( কারণ )

=> When the poets friend is alive in his poems to time, death will not overpower him.

12. So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,
So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.

=> Till the man will live in the earth and this poem will be on the earth, the poems will be gone through ( পড়া ) from generation to generation. Thus his friend will remain in the heart of the people and he will be immortal on the earth.

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